Here's an analysis of the term "kaneh" in biblical Hebrew, focusing on its semantic range and potential meanings.
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The Hebrew word "kaneh" (קָנֶה) appears in the Hebrew Bible and has a range of meanings, primarily related to plants with stalk-like structures. Understanding its precise meaning requires examining its usage in context and comparing it with related terms and archaeological findings. The term's semantic range includes plants used for practical purposes, such as measuring, and potentially for ritualistic or aromatic purposes. The context in which "kaneh" appears is crucial for determining its specific meaning in each instance.
The primary meaning of "kaneh" is a "reed" or "cane," referring to a plant with a long, slender stem. This is the most common understanding of the word. The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon defines "kaneh" as "reed, cane, stalk." [1] This definition highlights the general botanical characteristic of the plant. The Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, often translates "kaneh" as "kalamos" (κάλαμος), which also means "reed" or "cane." This further supports the basic meaning of the word.
The use of "kaneh" for measuring is also supported by the context in which it appears. In some instances, "kaneh" is used as a unit of measurement. For example, in Ezekiel 40:5, a measuring reed is used to measure the temple. This suggests that "kaneh" could refer to the plant itself or to a measuring instrument made from the plant. Therefore, the semantic range of "kaneh" includes its use as a measuring tool, reflecting its practical application.
The term "kaneh" is also associated with aromatic plants. In Exodus 30:23, "kaneh bosm" (sweet cane) is listed among the ingredients for the holy anointing oil. This indicates that "kaneh" could refer to a fragrant plant used for ritual purposes. The specific plant identified as "kaneh bosm" is often debated, with suggestions including sweet flag (Acorus calamus) or other aromatic reeds. This expands the semantic range to include plants with aromatic properties.
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