Calamus, often referred to as "sweet flag," Acorus calamus, has a complex history of use and interpretation, particularly in relation to its potential role as the "measuring reed" or kaneh-bosem in biblical contexts. Its characteristics, including its height, toxicity, and regulatory status, are crucial to understanding its historical and contemporary significance. The plant's presence in regional archaeology and its traditional interpretations further complicate the picture.

Height and Characteristics

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Toxicity and FDA Status

Calamus, or sweet flag, typically grows to a height of 1 to 3.5 feet.[1] This characteristic is important for identifying the plant and understanding its potential uses.

Biblical Use and Interpretation

The plant contains β-asarone, a compound that has been identified as carcinogenic.[2] Due to these toxicity concerns, the FDA banned calamus for human consumption in 1968.[3] This regulatory action reflects the potential health risks associated with ingesting the plant.

Regional Archaeology

The traditional interpretation of kaneh-bosem, a fragrant plant mentioned in the Bible, often identifies it as calamus. However, this identification is not universally accepted, and other plants have been proposed as alternatives. The specific use of calamus in biblical contexts, such as its role in anointing oils or incense, is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate.

Conclusion

Archaeological evidence for the ritual use of calamus in ancient Israel is limited or non-existent.[4] This lack of evidence complicates the interpretation of its biblical significance and suggests that its use may have been less widespread or that the archaeological record is incomplete.

In summary, calamus is a plant with a complex history. While it has been traditionally associated with biblical texts, its toxicity and the lack of strong archaeological evidence raise questions about its actual use and significance in ancient Israel. The FDA ban on its consumption further highlights the need for caution when considering its historical and contemporary applications.

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