Here's an analysis of the textual discrepancy regarding the plant used in the crucifixion of Jesus, focusing on the differing accounts in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and John.

The Gospels of Matthew and Mark state that a "reed" (Greek: kalamos) was used to offer Jesus a drink of sour wine (likely posca), while John's Gospel identifies the plant as "hyssop" (Greek: hyssopos). This difference has led to extensive discussion among biblical scholars, focusing on botanical accuracy, textual interpretation, and the symbolic meaning of the plants. The discrepancy highlights the challenges in reconciling the Gospel accounts and understanding the details of the crucifixion narrative.[1]

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The primary textual discrepancy revolves around the plant used to offer Jesus a drink during his crucifixion.

• Matthew and Mark: These Gospels mention a "reed" (kalamos) being used. The term kalamos typically refers to a reed, potentially Arundo donax, a tall, cane-like plant common in the Mediterranean region.[2]
• John: John's Gospel specifies "hyssop" (hyssopos). Hyssop is a small, shrubby plant, Hyssopus officinalis, known for its use in ritual cleansing in the Old Testament.[3]

The divergence in plant identification raises several questions:

1. Botanical Accuracy: Was the plant a reed or hyssop? The difference could be due to several factors, including:
   • Variations in eyewitness accounts: Different witnesses might have perceived or remembered the event differently.
   • Translation issues: The original Greek terms might have been translated differently over time.
   • Symbolic intent: The authors might have chosen the plant based on its symbolic meaning rather than strict botanical accuracy.
2. Textual Interpretation: Scholars have offered various interpretations to reconcile the accounts:
   • Synoptic Gospels' perspective: Matthew and Mark, often considered Synoptic Gospels (sharing similar content), may have focused on the practicality of using a reed to reach Jesus.
   • John's perspective: John, writing later, might have emphasized the symbolic connection to Old Testament rituals of purification associated with hyssop.
   • Combined use: Some suggest that both plants might have been involved, with the reed used to hold the hyssop.
3. Symbolic Significance: The choice of plant could carry symbolic weight:
   • Reed: The reed could represent the fragility of Jesus, or the mockery of his kingship, as a reed is a common object.
   • Hyssop: Hyssop, used in purification rituals, could symbolize Jesus' sacrifice as a cleansing act for humanity's sins.

The discrepancy remains a subject of ongoing scholarly debate, with no definitive consensus. The differing accounts highlight the complexities of interpreting ancient texts and the challenges of reconstructing historical events from multiple sources.

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