The History and Uses of Hemp
Hemp has a long and rich history in Lithuania and around the world, due to its widely recognized health benefits and versatile applications.[1]
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Hemp, a plant belonging to the Cannabis sativa family, has a rich and extensive history, with its cultivation and use dating back thousands of years. It has been valued for its versatile applications, including fiber production, food, medicine, and its psychoactive properties.[1] The earliest evidence of hemp use can be traced back to the Neolithic Age in China, with fiber imprints found on pottery dating from the 5th millennium BC.[3]
Early Cultivation and Uses
Global Spread and Diverse Applications
Hemp is one of the earliest plants to be cultivated.[5] Archaeological evidence suggests that hemp was used as far back as the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8800–6500 BCE).[6] Hemp was cultivated in Japan since the pre-Neolithic period for its fibers, as a food source, and possibly for its psychoactive properties.[7] In China, hemp was used to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and paper.[3] Cannabis was also an important crop in ancient Korea, with samples of hempen fabric discovered dating back as early as 3000 BC.[10]
Hemp's use spread globally, with various cultures recognizing its versatility. The Scythians, Thracians, and Dacians used cannabis flowers to induce trance.[18] The classical Greek historian Herodotus reported that the Scythians inhaled hemp-seed vapors for ritual and recreational purposes.[19] Hemp was also known to the ancient Assyrians, who called it qunabu, a potential origin of the word "cannabis".[17]
Hemp in Lithuania
Hemp has been used for a variety of commercial and industrial products, including rope, textiles, clothing, shoes, food, paper, bioplastics, insulation, and biofuel.[4] The bast fibers are used to make textiles, often blended with other fibers.[4] The inner two fibers of the plant have industrial applications, such as mulch and animal bedding.[4] Hemp seeds can be eaten raw, ground into meal, sprouted, or made into beverages.[17]
Hemp in the Americas
Hemp has a long history in Lithuania, with evidence of its cultivation dating back to ancient times.[1] Seeds and hemp cords have been found in settlements from the Narva culture (3500-3000 BC).[1] Hemp was widely cultivated and used for at least 5,500 years before being banned during the Soviet regime.[1] Hemp products were used for day-to-day purposes in the 17th and 18th centuries, with hemp seed oil used by housewives and bedding and clothing made from hemp.[1]
The Spaniards brought industrial hemp to the Americas, cultivating it in Chile starting around 1545.[33] In 1619, the first Virginia House of Burgesses passed an Act requiring all planters in Virginia to sow hemp on their plantations.[35] George Washington pushed for hemp cultivation, recognizing its value as a cash crop for rope and fabric.[161]
The Marihuana Tax Act and its Aftermath
Modern Uses and the Future of Hemp
In 1937, the Marihuana Tax Act was passed in the United States, which prohibited the production of hemp in addition to cannabis.[54] The reasons for including hemp in this law are disputed, with some scholars claiming it was intended to destroy the US hemp industry.[55] During World War II, the U.S. government promoted hemp cultivation for its use in uniforms, canvas, and rope.[58]
Hemp has a rich and diverse history both in Lithuania and worldwide. It has been cultivated for thousands of years for its fiber, seeds, and nowadays, CBD oil.[1]
Today, hemp is experiencing a resurgence due to its sustainability and versatility. It is used in textiles, construction, biocomposites, automotive, and paper production.[4] Hemp fiber is used in clothing, shoes, and accessories.[36] Hempcrete, a combination of hemp and lime, is becoming an alternative to traditional concrete in construction.[1] Hemp seeds are a valuable food source, rich in protein, fiber, and magnesium.[1]
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