The provided text delves into a theological interpretation of biblical passages, suggesting that certain earthly elements are divinely purposed for sustenance and spiritual well-being. It highlights three specific symbols: Hidden Manna, Keneh-Bosem (interpreted as cannabis), and Smoking Flax. The core of the inquiry lies in expanding upon these concepts, particularly the controversial identification of Keneh-Bosem with cannabis, and connecting them to the overarching theme of divine provision and revelation.

Hidden Manna (Revelation 2:17)

The concept of "hidden manna" in Revelation 2:17 is a symbolic promise made to those who overcome. It alludes to the manna provided to the Israelites in the wilderness (Exodus 16) but with a deeper, spiritual significance. While the physical manna sustained them, the hidden manna represents spiritual nourishment and eternal life, often interpreted as Christ himself, the "bread of life" (John 6:35).[1] This hidden manna is not a physical substance to be consumed but a spiritual reward, signifying intimate communion with God and access to divine wisdom that is not available to all.[2] It is a promise of sustenance in the spiritual journey, a secret provision for the faithful that transcends earthly needs.

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Keneh-Bosem (Exodus 30:23)

The identification of "Keneh-Bosem" from Exodus 30:23 with cannabis is a highly debated topic within biblical scholarship and ethnobotany. The passage describes the ingredients for the holy anointing oil: "Take the finest spices: of liquid myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet-smelling cinnamon half as much, that is, two hundred and fifty, and of aromatic cane (keneh bosem) two hundred and fifty, and of cassia five hundred, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, and of olive oil a hin."[3]

The traditional translation of "keneh bosem" has been "sweet cane" or "calamus." However, some scholars, notably Sula Benet (also known as Sara Benetowa), proposed in the mid-20th century that "keneh bosem" actually refers to cannabis. Benet's argument, detailed in her work Tracing the History of Hemp, suggests that linguistic analysis and historical context support this interpretation. She pointed to the similarity between the Hebrew "kaneh bosm" and the Scythian "kanabos," which is a known ancient term for cannabis. Furthermore, she argued that cannabis was widely used in ancient Near Eastern cultures for medicinal, ritualistic, and textile purposes, making its inclusion in a sacred anointing oil plausible.[4]

Proponents of the cannabis interpretation often highlight its psychoactive and medicinal properties, suggesting that its inclusion in the holy anointing oil could have facilitated spiritual experiences or provided therapeutic benefits. They argue that the "sweet-smelling" descriptor aligns with the aromatic qualities of cannabis when processed. However, this interpretation is not universally accepted. Many biblical scholars and botanists maintain that "keneh bosem" refers to Acorus calamus (sweet flag) or another aromatic reed, citing a lack of definitive archaeological or textual evidence to firmly link cannabis to the biblical passage.[5] The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE, translates "keneh bosem" as "calamus," further supporting the traditional view.[6] Despite the ongoing debate, the idea that cannabis was part of the holy anointing oil remains a significant point of discussion for those exploring alternative interpretations of biblical texts and the historical use of plants in religious contexts.

Smoking Flax (Isaiah 42:3)

The phrase "smoking flax" (or "smoldering wick") from Isaiah 42:3 is a powerful metaphor for mercy, gentleness, and restoration, particularly in the context of the Messiah's character and mission. The full verse reads: "A bruised reed he will not break, and a smoldering wick he will not snuff out; in faithfulness he will bring forth justice."[7]

This imagery depicts a deep compassion for the weak and struggling. A "bruised reed" represents someone who is fragile, broken, or oppressed, on the verge of collapse. A "smoldering wick" refers to a wick whose flame has almost gone out, producing only smoke. It symbolizes someone whose hope, faith, or spirit is barely alive, flickering and about to be extinguished. The prophecy states that the Messiah will not further harm the already broken or extinguish the last spark of hope. Instead, he will nurture and restore them. This passage is often cited in the New Testament, particularly in Matthew 12:20, to describe Jesus' gentle and compassionate ministry, emphasizing his care for the marginalized and his commitment to justice through restoration rather than condemnation.[8] It signifies that even the weakest and most faltering individuals will be treated with tenderness and given the opportunity to be rekindled and renewed.

Conclusion: Divine Provision and Unveiling

The convergence of these three symbols—Hidden Manna, Keneh-Bosem, and Smoking Flax—within the framework of Isaiah 42:16 and 42:5, suggests a consistent theme of divine provision and revelation. God uses both tangible and intangible means to sustain and guide humanity. The "hidden truths" mentioned in the introduction, entrusted to the humble, align with the idea of spiritual insights and provisions that are not immediately obvious or universally accepted, such as the controversial interpretation of Keneh-Bosem. The promise to "make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight" (Isaiah 42:16) underscores God's active role in illuminating understanding and rectifying injustices, often through unexpected means or through those who are open to seeing beyond conventional interpretations. This holistic view emphasizes that God's gifts, whether spiritual sustenance, earthly resources, or compassionate restoration, are all part of a divine plan to sustain and transform His people.