Alzheimer's disease, unspecified, is identified in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) system with the code G30.9. This code is utilized for diagnostic and reimbursement purposes in healthcare settings, particularly in the United States, and became effective for the 2025 edition on October 1, 2024 [1]. It falls under the broader category of "Diseases of the nervous system" (G00-G99) and specifically within "Alzheimer's disease" (G30) [1].

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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the insidious onset of dementia, leading to a decline in memory, cognition, behavior, and social skills [1] [6]. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults, accounting for an estimated 60%-70% of dementia cases [6]. While symptoms and progression vary, Alzheimer's is not considered a normal part of aging; it results from complex brain changes, including the degeneration of nerve cells and the deposition of certain proteins [6] [7].

The G30.9 code is applied when a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is made without further specification of its onset (early or late) or specific manifestations [4]. However, for comprehensive coding, Alzheimer's disease often requires a dual coding approach due to its inherent link with dementia [6]. The etiology/manifestation convention in ICD-10-CM dictates that a code from category G30 (Alzheimer's disease) should be sequenced first, followed by a code from category F02 (Dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere) [6]. This second code provides more detailed information about the dementia, including its severity (mild, moderate, severe, unspecified), and the presence or absence of behavioral disturbances, psychotic disturbances, mood disturbances, or anxiety [2] [3] [6]. For instance, codes like F02.81- indicate dementia with behavioral disturbance, while F02.80 indicates dementia without behavioral disturbance [3].

Key symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease include persistent memory loss, difficulty with problem-solving, impaired judgment, language difficulties, disorientation, and changes in behavior and personality [1] [4]. Diagnosis typically involves a neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, and ruling out other potential causes of dementia-like symptoms [4]. Brain imaging, such as MRI or CT scans, may reveal characteristic changes, though they are not definitive for diagnosis [4].

For treatment and management, various Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes may be applicable in conjunction with ICD-10 code G30.9. These include Evaluation and Management (E/M) services (CPT 99201-99215), neurobehavioral status exams (CPT 96116), neuropsychological testing (CPT 96132-96133), and care planning for cognitive impairment (CPT 99483) [4]. Services for patients requiring domiciliary, rest home, custodial, or home care may also be billed using relevant CPT codes (CPT 99324-99337 and 99341-99350) [4].

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