The ICD-10-CM code F19.10, "Other psychoactive substance abuse, uncomplicated," is a billable diagnosis code used for reimbursement purposes in the United States. This code became effective on October 1, 2024, as part of the 2025 edition of ICD-10-CM [1]. It falls under the broader category of "Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders" (F01-F99) and more specifically, "Other psychoactive substance related disorders" (F19) [1] [3].

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F19.10 is applied when an individual is abusing a psychoactive substance not categorized elsewhere (e.g., alcohol, opioids, cannabis, sedatives, hypnotics, cocaine, or other specified substances), and the abuse is "uncomplicated," meaning it is not accompanied by additional issues such as withdrawal symptoms, delirium, or other substance-induced disorders [4]. This code is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately document and track cases of substance abuse involving less common or unspecified psychoactive substances, facilitating appropriate treatment and management [4].

The diagnostic criteria for F19.10 include recurrent substance use, failure to fulfill major obligations due to substance use, use in hazardous situations, recurrent legal problems related to substance use, and continued use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the substance [4]. Importantly, individuals diagnosed with F19.10 do not meet the criteria for substance dependence, meaning there is no evidence of tolerance, withdrawal, or compulsive use patterns, nor are there significant medical or psychiatric complications resulting from the substance use [4].

Common synonyms and related terms for F19.10 include "Abuse of antidepressant drug," "Drug abuse (mild use disorder)," "Polysubstance abuse," and "Other (or unknown) substance use disorder, mild" [1] [3] [7]. The code F19.10 is part of a hierarchical structure within ICD-10-CM, where F19 represents "Other psychoactive substance related disorders," and F19.1 specifically denotes "Other psychoactive substance abuse" [3] [6]. Other codes under F19.1 describe more complicated presentations, such as F19.12 for abuse with intoxication or F19.13 for abuse with withdrawal [3] [6].

For treatment and management of conditions coded as F19.10, various Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes may be applicable. These include Evaluation and Management (E/M) services (99201-99215), psychotherapy services (90832-90838), alcohol and/or drug assessment (H0001), behavioral health counseling and therapy (H0004), and structured assessment and intervention services (G0396-G0397) [4].

Addiction recovery, in the context of F19.10, implies addressing the mild, uncomplicated abuse of other psychoactive substances. While F19.10 itself indicates an "uncomplicated" state, the broader concept of addiction recovery encompasses various stages and interventions aimed at helping individuals cease substance use, maintain abstinence, and improve their overall health and well-being [7]. Treatment often involves counseling, which can be individual, family, or group therapy, to help individuals understand their addiction, change behaviors, and develop coping mechanisms [7]. Medications may also be used to manage withdrawal symptoms or reduce cravings, depending on the substance [7]. For individuals with co-occurring mental health disorders (dual diagnosis), treating both conditions simultaneously is crucial for successful recovery [7]. Prevention programs, involving families, schools, and communities, are vital in reducing drug use and addiction by educating individuals about the risks [7].

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