The ICD-10 code F19.10, "Other psychoactive substance abuse, uncomplicated," is a diagnostic code used in healthcare to classify instances of problematic use of psychoactive substances that do not fall into specific categories like alcohol, opioids, or cannabis, and where the abuse is not accompanied by complications such as withdrawal or other substance-induced disorders [1] [2] [3]. This code is billable and specific, meaning it can be used for reimbursement purposes in medical billing [3]. The 2025 edition of ICD-10-CM F19.10 became effective on October 1, 2024 [3].

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This diagnostic code is part of the broader F10-F19 range within the ICD-10-CM, which covers "Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use" [2] [3]. It specifically falls under F19, "Other psychoactive substance related disorders," and F19.1, "Other psychoactive substance abuse" [2] [3]. The "uncomplicated" designation signifies that the individual does not exhibit signs of dependence, tolerance, withdrawal, or other significant medical or psychiatric complications directly linked to the substance abuse [4]. This distinguishes it from codes like F19.12 (abuse with intoxication) or F19.13 (abuse with withdrawal) [2]. The code also applies to "Other (or unknown) substance use disorder, mild" [3].

Symptoms and diagnostic criteria for F19.10 include recurrent substance use, failure to meet major obligations due to substance use, use in hazardous situations, recurrent legal problems, and continued use despite social or interpersonal problems, all without meeting criteria for dependence [4]. Risk factors for such substance use can include peer pressure, stressful life circumstances, mental health conditions like anxiety or depression, and the availability of substances [6].

Treatment for substance abuse, including conditions classified under F19.10, often involves a combination of approaches. Behavioral therapies are crucial, as no medications are currently available for all types of psychoactive substance abuse [5]. These therapies aim to modify attitudes and behaviors related to drug use and help individuals cope with stressful situations and triggers [5]. Examples include Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which helps identify and reframe problematic behaviors; Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), focusing on mindfulness and emotional regulation; and Motivational Interviewing [5] [7]. Support groups and medical monitoring are also important components of treatment [6]. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) provides resources like FindTreatment.gov and a National Helpline for individuals seeking help for mental and substance use disorders [1].

While addiction is a treatable disorder, it is considered a chronic condition, and relapse can be a part of the recovery process [5]. Successful treatment addresses the needs of the whole person, considering medical, mental, social, occupational, family, and legal aspects [5].